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Creating Win\u002DWin Solutions for Sustainable Landscape  Management and Green Growth  in South Sumatra Image
Policy brief

Creating Win-Win Solutions for Sustainable Landscape Management and Green Growth in South Sumatra

KELOLA Sendang (KS), an integrated sustainable landscape development project in South Sumatra, implemented targeted interventions from 2015 to 2020. The interventions were aimed at overcoming major challenges that hampered the province’s ability to conserve biologically- and ecologically important areas and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The challenges were: 1) widespread land conversion that threatened the province’s critically endangered wildlife (such as the Sumatran tiger and elephant) and vast peatlands; 2) a lack of financially-viable livelihoods and best management practices that would entice stakeholders away from more environmentally destructive business-as-usual activities; and 3) a lack of infrastructure for monitoring/policing of illegal activities (such as poaching and illegal land clearing). KS’s interventions were targeted at three groups: governments, companies, and communities. With governments, KS interventions were aimed at strengthening landscape governance through supporting a hierarchy of vertically integrated institutions, facilitating the establishment of regulations that enable the institutions to manage landscapes sustainably, and devising a pathway for the institutions to integrate sustainable landscape management as part of South Sumatra’s Master Plan for developing the province in support of the Governors’ Green-Growth vision. With companies, KS interventions were aimed at improving current peatland management practices covering water level management in concession lands to prevent flooding or the drying out of peatlands making them susceptible to fires, fire control for hotspots on concessions, and habitat protection and restoration. With communities, KS interventions were aimed at overcoming economic, technical, and tenurial barriers to improve people’s livelihoods.
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KUPU-KUPU SEMBILANG DANGKU

Kupu-kupu merupakan anggota dari kelas insekta (serangga), ordo Lepidoptera (lepido: sisik, pteron: sayap), sub ordo Rhopalocera dan memiliki 2 superfamili yaitu Papilionoidea dan Hesperiioidea. Papilionoidea terdiri dari 5 Famili yaitu Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae dan Lycaenidae dianggap sebagai kupu-kupu sejati (true butterfly) karena memiliki corak warna yang lebih menarik dan beragam. Sementara Hesperiioidea hanya memiliki satu famili yaitu Hesperiidae lebih monoton, memiliki bentuk antena yang berbeda (saling berjauhan, bersudut) dan bersifat krepuskular (aktif pada senja hari). Habitat yang baik dengan faktor fisik yang optimum menjadi faktor terpenting dari keberadaan kupu-kupu. Perubahan lingkungan seringkali dapat terdeteksi melalui agen-agen biologis yang selanjutnya dikenal sebagai bioindikator. Tidak seperti capung yang dapat mendeteksi perubahan kualitas air, kupu-kupu justru menjadi indikator perubahan lingkungan dalam hal keanekaragaman vegetasi. Sifat kupu-kupu yang merupakan salah satu herbivor spesialis karena memiliki tumbuhan inang spesifik yang berbeda-beda dalam setiap spesiesnya. Kehilangan tumbuhan inang membuat kupu-kupu dewasa tidak dapat meletakkan telurnya sehingga siklus hidupnya terganggu atau bahkan terputus. Secara umum habitat kupu-kupu di Taman Nasional Sembilang dan Suaka Margasatwa Dangku terdiri dari 2 tipe habitat yaitu habitat terbuka dan tertutup ditinjau dari tutupan vegetasi yang ada. Setidaknya 65 jenis kupu-kupu didapatkan selama penelitian di kedua kawasan dengan beberapa lokasi survei. Dari jenis kupu-kupu yang berhasil terdata tersebut, diketahui beberapa jenis kupu-kupu dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator kualitas lingkungan khususnya dalam hal gangguan lingkungan. Kupu-kupu tersebut yaitu Polyura hebe, Ypthima horsfieldi. Jenis-jenis tersebut memiliki preferensi habitat yang tinggi sehingga kehadirannya pada suatu habitat menjadi indikator bahwa habitat tersebut belum terganggu. Kupu-kupu tersebut hanya ditemukan pada tipe habitat tertutup sehingga sangat minim gangguan. Sebaliknya Papilio demoleus dan Eurema hecabe menunjukkan keterkaitan yang erat dengan beberapa variabel lingkungan yang mencirikan habitat terganggu. Selain itu, jenis kupu-kupu Acraea terpsicore hanya ditemukan pada habitat terbuka, dan berbatasan dengan perkebunan sawit.
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Capung KELOLA Sendang  Image
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IKAN-IKAN AIR TAWAR SEMBILANG DANGKU

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Best-Practice Brief, 2020/7 Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Improving Peatland Management in South Sumatra

Draining and converting peatlands into agricultural lands can cause considerable and irreversible environmental, social, and economic damage. Environmentally, such action in company and community owned land has resulted in recurring large-scale fires in South Sumatra that release significant amounts of carbon emissions – a potent and common form of greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Socially, the fires have produced massive and widespread pollution that causes severe health risks. Economically, peatland damage has threatened agricultural production that supports the livelihoods of many. Land-clearing, pollutive fires and damaged peatlands will continue to be a fixture unless we can drive effective and responsible peat- land management that resolves key challenges. In South Sumatra, KELOLA Sendang (KS) focused on resolving three key challenges to peatland management: 1) a lack of tools that allow stakeholders to systematically monitor peatlands for dry areas, and consequently develop an early warning system for fires; 2) gaps in local and provincial regulation that hamper coordination for managing peatlands; and 3) a lack of economically viable and environmentally sustainable livelihood options. This brief looks at how KELOLA Sendang developed a peatland management model aimed at resolving the challenges. First, KS created a peatland monitoring system consisting of a tool for analysing/ evaluating water levels and teams of fire fighters. Second, KS worked with government agencies on enacting peatland management regulations. Third, KS expanded livelihood opportunities for communities involved in peatland conservation and restoration. These three solutions, when implemented alongside each other and consisting of the right mix of incentives and sanctions, should reduce greenhouse gas emissions in South Sumatra in the long-term.
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