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Creating Win\u002DWin Solutions for Sustainable Landscape  Management and Green Growth  in South Sumatra Image
Policy brief

Creating Win-Win Solutions for Sustainable Landscape Management and Green Growth in South Sumatra

KELOLA Sendang (KS), an integrated sustainable landscape development project in South Sumatra, implemented targeted interventions from 2015 to 2020. The interventions were aimed at overcoming major challenges that hampered the province’s ability to conserve biologically- and ecologically important areas and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The challenges were: 1) widespread land conversion that threatened the province’s critically endangered wildlife (such as the Sumatran tiger and elephant) and vast peatlands; 2) a lack of financially-viable livelihoods and best management practices that would entice stakeholders away from more environmentally destructive business-as-usual activities; and 3) a lack of infrastructure for monitoring/policing of illegal activities (such as poaching and illegal land clearing). KS’s interventions were targeted at three groups: governments, companies, and communities. With governments, KS interventions were aimed at strengthening landscape governance through supporting a hierarchy of vertically integrated institutions, facilitating the establishment of regulations that enable the institutions to manage landscapes sustainably, and devising a pathway for the institutions to integrate sustainable landscape management as part of South Sumatra’s Master Plan for developing the province in support of the Governors’ Green-Growth vision. With companies, KS interventions were aimed at improving current peatland management practices covering water level management in concession lands to prevent flooding or the drying out of peatlands making them susceptible to fires, fire control for hotspots on concessions, and habitat protection and restoration. With communities, KS interventions were aimed at overcoming economic, technical, and tenurial barriers to improve people’s livelihoods.
KUPU\u002DKUPU SEMBILANG DANGKU Image
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KUPU-KUPU SEMBILANG DANGKU

Kupu-kupu merupakan anggota dari kelas insekta (serangga), ordo Lepidoptera (lepido: sisik, pteron: sayap), sub ordo Rhopalocera dan memiliki 2 superfamili yaitu Papilionoidea dan Hesperiioidea. Papilionoidea terdiri dari 5 Famili yaitu Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae dan Lycaenidae dianggap sebagai kupu-kupu sejati (true butterfly) karena memiliki corak warna yang lebih menarik dan beragam. Sementara Hesperiioidea hanya memiliki satu famili yaitu Hesperiidae lebih monoton, memiliki bentuk antena yang berbeda (saling berjauhan, bersudut) dan bersifat krepuskular (aktif pada senja hari). Habitat yang baik dengan faktor fisik yang optimum menjadi faktor terpenting dari keberadaan kupu-kupu. Perubahan lingkungan seringkali dapat terdeteksi melalui agen-agen biologis yang selanjutnya dikenal sebagai bioindikator. Tidak seperti capung yang dapat mendeteksi perubahan kualitas air, kupu-kupu justru menjadi indikator perubahan lingkungan dalam hal keanekaragaman vegetasi. Sifat kupu-kupu yang merupakan salah satu herbivor spesialis karena memiliki tumbuhan inang spesifik yang berbeda-beda dalam setiap spesiesnya. Kehilangan tumbuhan inang membuat kupu-kupu dewasa tidak dapat meletakkan telurnya sehingga siklus hidupnya terganggu atau bahkan terputus. Secara umum habitat kupu-kupu di Taman Nasional Sembilang dan Suaka Margasatwa Dangku terdiri dari 2 tipe habitat yaitu habitat terbuka dan tertutup ditinjau dari tutupan vegetasi yang ada. Setidaknya 65 jenis kupu-kupu didapatkan selama penelitian di kedua kawasan dengan beberapa lokasi survei. Dari jenis kupu-kupu yang berhasil terdata tersebut, diketahui beberapa jenis kupu-kupu dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator kualitas lingkungan khususnya dalam hal gangguan lingkungan. Kupu-kupu tersebut yaitu Polyura hebe, Ypthima horsfieldi. Jenis-jenis tersebut memiliki preferensi habitat yang tinggi sehingga kehadirannya pada suatu habitat menjadi indikator bahwa habitat tersebut belum terganggu. Kupu-kupu tersebut hanya ditemukan pada tipe habitat tertutup sehingga sangat minim gangguan. Sebaliknya Papilio demoleus dan Eurema hecabe menunjukkan keterkaitan yang erat dengan beberapa variabel lingkungan yang mencirikan habitat terganggu. Selain itu, jenis kupu-kupu Acraea terpsicore hanya ditemukan pada habitat terbuka, dan berbatasan dengan perkebunan sawit.
Capung KELOLA Sendang  Image
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Capung KELOLA Sendang

IKAN\u002DIKAN AIR TAWAR SEMBILANG DANGKU Image
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IKAN-IKAN AIR TAWAR SEMBILANG DANGKU

Capung KELOLA Sendang  Image
Capung KELOLA Sendang  Image
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Capung KELOLA Sendang

IKAN\u002DIKAN AIR TAWAR SEMBILANG DANGKU Image
IKAN\u002DIKAN AIR TAWAR SEMBILANG DANGKU Image
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IKAN-IKAN AIR TAWAR SEMBILANG DANGKU

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Indonesia’s Social Forestry (SF) programme is promoted on the premise that it can provide people with rights to land. This can prove attractive to those who want to claim legal rights over land access and resource use where they have carried out work or wish to manage. Uncertain land tenure can be clarified and social conflicts over land can thereby be eliminated or reduced. SF is also promoted on the premise that in return for such rights, the programme can induce people to manage the lands sustainably, thereby reducing deforestation and improving forest quality. However, certain gaps prevent successful implementation of the programme. These gaps are barriers to participation (such as communities lacking legal citizenship and a lack of knowledge of SF); limited coordination between different levels of government that prevents a seamless implementation of SF; insufficient assistance and monitoring of activities that prevent SF implementers from achieving goals set out in their forest management plans and the lack of resources at the community level to implement SF. Two elements are essential in overcoming these gaps. First, target communities must be able to access lands legally without fear of eviction. Second, activities on these lands must be sufficiently monitored by authorised government bodies and sustainably managed so that SF livelihoods do not come at the expense of forest conservation. Putting in place these two elements becomes even harder in remote forested areas, where a bulk of the population are unregistered migrants. There is little infrastructure and support for remote communities to learn about SF and there is less revenue potential for forest conservation than for clearing them. The governments should prioritize these areas for SF as they present the largest gains for reducing social conflict through land rights’ acquisition. Helping such communities develop beneficial sustainable land management plans can also shift livelihoods away from those that exploit or deforest land. KS has assisted three villages – Muara Medak, Lubuk Bintialo, and Karang Sari – in obtaining SF permits. KS found that obtaining the permits and ensuring success in implementing SF rest on these steps: 1) securing buy-in from stakeholders so that action taken is legitimate and aligned with the needs of all; 2) building capacity of local institutions to simultaneously improve livelihood opportunities and increase conservation efforts; 3) generating market access and/or multiple sector involvement to ensure continuity of SF activities. This brief details how governments, communities, civil society organisations, and companies can implement the steps successfully. The steps identify which stakeholders to be targeted; what capacities to be improved; and types of SF activities are most likely to generate long-term support. These elements produce a conducive environment for SF that enables communities to legally manage forest areas and to do so in a sustainable manner that reduces conflict and strengthens conservation efforts.
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